A Follow-up from the Chairman of Knox College's Physics Department


From: Chuck Schulz
Sent: Monday, May 25, 1998 6:11 PM
To: 'Lenny Abbey'
Subject: RE: Bill Calder's Telescope

The tale of the telescope is told in the new book "Science and the 
Scientists of Knox College" by Geer, Dunn, and Swanson (Knox College, 
Galesburg, 1997). Following is a quote of the relevant section.


The origin of physics at Knox was tied to astronomy. Astronomy was 
required for the degree for many years after the College began. Milton 
Comstock, as Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, taught what today would be called physics as well as astronomy. He was an authority on subjects such as sound and gravitation. After Edgar Lucien Larkin became Adjunct Professor of Astronomy in September 1888, Larkin was responsible for teaching astronomy and subsequently physics.

Before coming to Knox, Larkin had been a druggist in New Windsor, a small 
town near Galesburg. He had a self-taught interest in astronomy and built 
an observatory and purchased a good telescope from Alvan Clark, and Sons, the famous Boston lensmakers. Larkin had lass than a high school education and could not have passed the entrance examinations at Knox, but he became a professor at Knox and later, the director of the Lowe Observatory on Echo Mountain in California. Furthermore, Larkin contributed articles to leading scientific journals, and his observatory communicated with an observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and with the Smithsonian 
Institution in Washington, D.C. In 1883 he was elected a fellow of the 
American Association for the Advancement of Science.In 

December of 1887, Larkin proposed to the Board ofTrustees that Knox College build an observatory and that he be hired as instructor in astronomy. The trustees accepted after the faculty voted approval. By mid-September 1888, the telescope was mounted and ready for use. The Observatory was the first entirely academic building constructed since Old Main in 1857. It was the first science building, and the Observatory exceeded anything that had been done previously to provide laboratory experience for the students.

(...) Larkin told the Trustees that Knox was behind the times and that he 
was ready to provide the needed "modern science." He refereed to himself 
as introducing the "New" Astronomy and the "New" Physics, and even of 
supplementing Hurd's "regular chemistry" with a "New" Chemistry. 
Nonetheless, repeated comments in the student magazine suggest that Larkin did not maintain order in his classes, not surprising for an instructor who lacked a high school educaion or experience with classroom forces that 
affect the relations of a college teacher to his students. 

Although it is not clear which of the above irritants was the reason, Larkin was informed early in the summer of 1895 that the next year would be his last and that meanwhile his salary would be reduced to $500. He felt unable to accept the reduction in salary, which not only was cut back to what it was when he started his Knox tenure but also suggested a diminishing importance on the campus. (...) Larkin resigned and left to be a druggist in Antioch, Illinois.


A postscript: One summer in the mid-60's the beloved Observatory was (to 
the surprise of the faculty) torn down, under orders from then-President 
Sharvy Umbeck. The college had just completed an impressive new Center for 
the Fine Arts, and (many believe that) President Umbeck didn't like the 
fact that the observatory blocked the line of sight from his office to the 
CFA. It probably needed expensive renovation in any case. The telescope 
has been mothballed for decades, but a current project of the Physics Club 
is to restore the telescope to operational condition, and eventually to 
find a prominent location on campus to display it. By the way, Geer's book 
lists William A. Calder as being employed in the Physics Department during 
the period 1937-41, but makes no other reference to him. I hope you find 
this history interesting.

Chuck Schulz
Physics Department Chair,
Knox College